System of automatic train control.



G. P. FINNIGAN.

SYSTEM 0F AUTOMATIC TRAIN CUNTROL'.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, I9I5.

1 ,299,44-6. Patented Apr. 8, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

G. P.'IINNIGAN.

SYSTEM. 0F AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9. I9I5.

1,299,446. Patented Apr. 8,1919.

2 SHEETSAHEET 2.

WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT oFFioE.

GEORGE FINNIGAN, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGEHOLDEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 8, 1919.

Continuation of application Serial No. 574,426, led J'uly 29, 1910. This'application filed February 9,

1915. serial No. 6,990.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE l). FINNIGAN, acitizen of the United States, residing in the city of Philadelphia,county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania,` have invented a newand useful System of Automatic Train Control, of which the following isa specification. v

My invention relates to a system for .automatically reducing the speedof or bringing to a stop a railway car or train or other vehicle in.case it should pass a predetermined point in its path of travel at aspeed greater than a predetermined speed.

lAnd my invention relates to a system for automatically givingindications or signals on a moving train or vehicle in response totraiic conditions on its path of travel; or, reversely, givingindications or signals along the path of travel in response to meansmovable'with the vehicle.

To these ends 'I employ in the path of.v

travel of the train or vehicle means for producing a magnetic flux'whichshall inductively influence a train or vehicle circuit which containssuitable translating means for controlling the speed of the train orvehicle and for displaying or giving suitable signals. The train orvehicle circuit is preferably a permanently closed one having connectedtherein a source of energy and a translating device which may be means.for differentiating between positive and'l negative'electro-motive-force waves induced inrthe train or vehicle circuit.

My invention resides further in a vsystem i Vsuch as described andinvolving -a tram circuit of the character described in association witha further coperating inductively affected `vehicle or train circuit. y

V further featureof my inventioncomzprises employment of a permanentmagnet, as distinguished from an electro-magnet, for inductivelyinfluencing a train or vehicle circuit; a permanent magnet is ofpeculiar.. andi great value 1n a system of train control because it isinfallible and always operative for producingV a magnetic field fordesired purposes irrespective of track and weather conditions, and isproof against derangement such as may occur with 'an electromagnet whosecircuit may be improperlyor accidentally broken or whose exciting sourceof energy may become depleted or otherwise inoperative. I believe I amthe first to appreclate and perceive l the decided advantages, in theserelations, of a permanent` tion of safety of the vehicle path, and itsdenergization, either due to derangement or accident or pursuant-to themode of operation of the system, reliects a condition of danger, theassociated permanent and electro-magnets in the first or normal caseproducing no effect upon the vehicle other than a signal or indication,-while in the second case when the electro-magnet is de'energized thepermanent magnet, from its infallibility, insures vanother edect uponthe vehicle or train circuit, such as the application of brakes.

My invention residesl in further matters and features hereinafterdescribed.

For an illustration of some of the forms my invention may take,reference is to be had in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a railway track with its associatedtrack'circuitS and vehicle circuits influencing magnets.

Fig. 2 is a vertical elevational view of vehicle controlling meanstogether with a diagrammatic illustration of coperating circuits.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic and graphic illustration of the track magnetsand the 'flux and electro-motive-force effects produced thereby when a.`v ehicle passes.-

Figl .is a fragmentary view illustrating the vehicle cont-rol apparatusof Fig. 2 in its normal position.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a railway track divided intoblocks and provided with track magnets involving the constituting oneblock, and the rails A2, A3 representing a neighboring block.

Across the rails A, A is connected the source of energy C, suchas abattery, at one end of said block. At the other end of said block therail A is connected through conductor e with one terminal of the windingB2 of an electro-magnetjB having thecore B1 of two parts insulated fromeach other and joined respectively to the rails A2 and A3, theinsulation being for the purpose of preventing electrical connection ofsaid rails through the magnet core. The other terminal of the coil orWinding B2 connects through 'the winding G1 of a relay and theresistance e' with the end of rail A. In consequence there is normally aclosed track circuit including the source of .energy C'and the coil B2which thus normally energizes the electro-magnet B. As to traffic in thedirection of the arrow X it will be noted that the electro-magnet B istraversed in advance of the left hand block comprising.

rails A and A', though its winding is included in the track circuit ofthat block. To-the left of the electro-magnet B, and thereforeencountered after the electro-magne't B with traffic in direction ofarrow X is the permanent magnet H connecting with the opposite rails A2and A3 and provided with insulation for preventing short circuit of saidrails as in the case of the electromagnet B. lTraversed in advance ofentrance into the block comprising the rails A2, A3 with traffic in thedirection of the arrow Y is a second electro-magnet D having the coil D2and core D1 insulated for preventing short circuit of rails A andA, thecoil D2 being connected in a normally closed track circuit including theconductor f, rail A3, source of current or battery E, rail A2, winding Gof a relay and resistance f. The permanent magnet H is -encountere-dafter the electro-magnet D with trailic in the directionof the arrow Y.The relays G and G1 are thus'in normally closed circuits and servetocontrol any suitable signaling apparatus in the manner hereinafterdescribed.

l The trainor vehicle has thereon apparatus of the character illustratedin Figs. 2 and 4, Fig. 2, showing the conditions and relations at thetime a.: vehicle has passed over one of the magnets, as B, and Fig. 4the normal p0- lsition of the control apparatus.

I', I represent two car wheels and their usual connecting axle L2, allusually of iron or steel or other.V magnetizable material. Carried bythe vehicle are the Wheel coils J, J loosely enveloping the wheelsbetween their axle and their, treads upon the rails. A second set ofWheel coils J J similarly envelop the wheels. The coils J, J are con#nected in series with each other for cumulative e'l'ect in thevehiclefcircuit I which is permanently closed and includes ythe vsourceIof current K, such as a battery, the electromagnet windings L and M andthe signaling device or electric incandescent lamp W. The second vehiclecircuit T includes the coils J J connected in series for cumulativeeffeet, such circuit including the winding of electro-magnet T.

The electro-magnet L is supported upon a suitable bracket or frame L2 toWhose part Z there is pivoted at Z the arm or lever L to which isIsecured the armature L3 ofv the electro-magnet L. Pivoted at n on thelever L'4 is the detent N having the tail or extension Q. Lug vor detento on the-hammer plunger O normally engaged the detent N, holding vthemember -O in its elevated position, as illustrated. `The hammer member Ohas a loose fit within the cylinder O1v in which it is guided forvertical movement. Through the head o2 of the cylinder O1 extends thehandle rod O2 connected to the hammer O, such protruding handle O2serving for manual operation ofthe member O.: The member O may bepointed at its lower end as indicated, and in the path of travel of thispointed member is disposed the frangible disk or plate P', as of glass,forming a closure between the interior of the cylinder O1L and thevconnection P communicating with the train pipe of the air brake systemof the vehicle. Above the member P the cylinder O1 has a port o1communicating with the atmosphere.

The electro-magnet M is supported by the frame L2 andl has the armaturem attached to the vertically movable rod Q carrying at its upper end amember-g adapted to intervene between the tail Q of detent N and thestop g on the frame L2. The rod Q is guided in .its vertical movementthrough holes in the frame L2 and in the arm r. 105 The rod Q isprovided with a shoulder r adapted to engage on the top of the dog Rpivoted to the arm r and having the cam slot s in which engages the pins" carried by the armature lever S of the electro-magnet T. Theelectro-magnetT is sluggish or slow acting so that its armature will beattracted at a time lagging appreciably after the impulses traversin thewinding of the ellectro-magnet T. T is may be accomp ished in variousways well known in the art. Y

'In Figjl there are indicated at b ando railsectlons or inserts ofmanganese steel or any other suitable material which like manganesesteel is a non-magnetic or substan- .tially\ nonmagnetic, the sections dat the 4utilizable whenever suchend is desired, though it Will beunderstood that my invention is not limited to their use. It will tendto set up. The result is 'the electro-magnet through be understoodhowever, that these parts b and c do not interrupt the electricalconductivity of the rails and therefore in no way affect the trackcircuits. y

The operation is as follows:

Assuming a vehicle to be in the right hand block, Fig. 1, that is,running upon the rails A2 and A3 in the direction of the arrow X, ifthere is no vehicle or train in the left hand block comprising the railsA and'A B will be energized. The ampere turns of the coil B2 of theelectro-magnet B preponderate over the ampere turns of the vehicle wheelcoils J, J, Fig. 2, which current isv normally passing from the sourceK. That is, the vehicle circuit I tends to magnetize the wheels I', I,and, for example, in such direction that the left hand wheel I', Fig. 2,where it'contacts the rail A2 is a south pole, indicated by s. p., andthe tread of the other wheel a north pole, indicated by n. p.; and theleft hand end of the electro-magnet B, Fig.,2, similarly produces asouth pole, also marked 8. p., and the right end a north pole, marked n.p As the electro-magnet B is the stronger and. when the wheels I', I aredii rectly over it the electro-magnet sets up a iux through its core andthrough the rails and wheels and axle in opposition to the flux whichthe ampere turns of the circuit I that the noral flux through the wheelsand axle of the vehicle'are not only overcome, but actually reversed,with the result that there is induced in the vehicle circuit I anelectromotive-fo-rcewave, for example a positive wave, which operatescumulatively with the electro-motive, force of the source K, tomomentarily increase the electro-motiveforce operative in the circuit I,with resultant increase of strength. The magnetism normally produced bythe electro-magnet L is sufficient to hold the lever L in the positionindicated in Fig. 4. Normally the magnetism produced by the magnet M isinsufficient to lift its armature m and the attached member g. Uponoccurrence of the increased current due to passage over the trackelectro-magnet B the electro-magnets L and M are ener 'zed to a degreeabove normal, with the resu t that the electro-magnet L continues tohold its armature L3 and the attached lever L', but magnet M is nowexcited to such degree that it attracts its armature mand lifts the rodQ, bringing the member g into the position illustrated in Fig. 2between'the tail Q. andthe stol1 preventing so long as this position iseld the release of lever L.

force wave in the circuit I there 1 s animpulse of current inducedv inthe c1rcu1t T through the coils J J', energlzing the slugthe current4above normal V Simultaneously v with the -inductlonI of anelectro-motive-l lmagnet M is weakened the Amember Q, is

prevented from falling by dog R, and later, as magnet T releases memberS, dog R is withdrawn from thev path of shoulder r. The member g isstill prevented from falling while current in circuit I is below normalstrength during the succeeding impulse induced in opposite direction bya pinching v action taking place between members Q and q, because ofweakening of magnet L, untilthe current in the circuit I returns tonormal strength, whereupon magnet L lcontinues to attract its armatureL3, which attraction now supplants the holding eect of member g uponlever L. Upon the return of current in circuit I to normal strength themember g is released, because with current at normal strength in thecirf cuit I magnet M cannot hold its armature m attracted, and .themember g falls to its return of the current in circuit I to normalstrength, magnet T receives a second impulse with no eEect upon themember g. The magnet T responds to both positive and negative impulsesinduced in itsl circuit T. In other words, when traffic conditions arenormal or safe, the electro-magnet B remains energized, and inpassing'over the magnets `B and' H in succession, there is Iirst inducedin the vehicle circuit I an electro-motive-force assisting the source Kvto produce an increased current, which is followed by anelectro-motive-force wave in opposite direction decreasing the currentbelow normal value, but, due to the sluggishness of the magnet T, thevehicle passes the permanent'magnet H without release of the armaturelever L.

l If, however, there is a vehicle in the left hand block, comprising therails A and A', the source of current C will be short circuited throughthe wheels and axle of that vehicle with the result that theelectro-magnet B will be denergized. Then when the vehicle of the righthand block reaches the magnet B there will be no flux passed by magnet Bthrough the wheel coils. Upon reaching the permanent magnet H, a fluxwill be induced through the wheel coils in the same direction asproduced by the ampere turns of the vehicle circuit resulting in anegative wave of electro-motive-force which opposes the source K, withthe result apparatus responds.

the fact that the current is even below normal strength, andconsequently the lever L rises upwardly upon its pivot Z, withdrawingthe detent N from beneath the lug .0, with the result that the hammer Odrops and breaks the disk P', whereupon the pressure in the train pipeof the air-brake system operates upon the lower end of plunger pipepressure falls plunger O settles to normal position where it is held bydetent o. In such case the electro-magnet T performs no function, andthough energized when the circuit T is inductively affected through thewheel coils J', J it produces no eect because the rod Q has not beenraised by the magnet M.

It willaccordingly be seenthat the apparatus differentiates between thepositive and negative impulses induced in the vehicle circuit, with theresult that if an impulse of one polarity, for example positive, isfirst induced, the vehicle control apparatus is not affected, but if animpulse of opposite polarity is first induced the vehicle control Theoperation for traflic in opposite direction is the same as that abovedescribed for a vehicle or train in the left hand block which will firstencounter the electro-magnet D, which is either energized or denergized,

laccording as the right hand block is not or is occupied, and thereafterencounters vthe permanent magnet H.

In Fig. 3 the curve represents graphically the change in the magneticflux through the wheel coils for tratlic ,fromV left to-- ward the rightover electro magnet D and permanent magnet H. E is the correspondingcurve of electro-motive-forces induced in the vehicle'circuit. From thisit will be seen that first a positive, for example, electro-motiveforcewave a: is induced in the vehicle circuit followed by a negative wave y.It will be understood that these curves are illustrative merely, andthat it is appreciated that the actual form of electromotive-'forcewaves may be distorted from that illustrated.

In Fig. 5 is illustrated a system similar to that of Fig. 1, but fortraffic in one direction only. Here like reference characters representlike parts of Fig. 1, and the operation of the system of Fig. 5 will beunderstood to be that described in connection with Fig. 1 for tratlic inthe directionlof the arrow X. In this figure, however, one more completeblock is shown comprising the rails A4 and A5.

been assumed that the lpermanent and elec` 'tro-magnets in the path ofytravel'of the train or vehicle are capable of producing a flux throughthe vehicle circuit coils stronger than and in opposition to the iuxwhich the vehicle circuit itself tends to set up, the. vrelation may beotherwise.

For example,

the ampere turns produced by the wheel v electro-motive-force of thebattery K, causgized, the movement of the vehicle to the 4 magnet B willbe accompanied by the induction in the circuit I of anelectro-motiveforce opposing the electro-motive-force of the battery K,with the result that such initial impulse causes a weakening of the current'v in the circuit I below normal, with resultant response of theapparatus, as in the case hereinbefore described.

It will be understood that upon the increase of current in the vehiclecircuit I above normal the lamp W will momentarilyglow more brightly andthus serve to give a able audible or visual Signals may be provided onthe vehicle and which shall respond to the currents induced in either ofthe vehicle circuits.

By employing a system of normally closed track circuits for controllingthe track electro-magnets, any 'failure of such circuit, as

izo

by broken rail, depleted battery, or other cause, the vehicle control.mechanism will respond, due to resultant` denergization of the ltrackelectro-magnet.

And by preference the vehicle circuit is permanently closed and includesa source of energy. And upon any failure in such vehicle circuit, as bybroken circuit, depletion of battery or other cause, the same willbe'indicated by signal or response of vehicle control mechanism as in thecase of dangercondition on the trackway.

While the inductive effects have hereinbefore been described asoccurring in \the vehicle circuit or circuits it will be noted that inpassing over an electro-magnet B in the trackway an inductive eiector-variation of current in the circuit of the electro-magnet Winding B2also occurs, which may be availed of to produce any suitable signal orcontrol along the trackway. Thus when the ampere turns produced by thewheel coils J, J in the vehicle circuit I` are so great that they cancause a substantial change in the magnetic iux in the core B1 of anelectro-track magnet B, there will be induced in the circuit of thewinding B2 an electromotive-force which will transiently alter thecurrent produced in such circuit by its energizing battery7 or source ofcurrent. This alteration of the normal current Will be -responded to bythe relay, as G1, by a movement of its core, which movement.may controlany signaling, indicating or otherl means. The electromotiveforce soinduced in the circuit of the winding Bz will comprise waves ofoppositepolarities, so that a wave of one polarity will assist theenergizing battery, as C, While the other Will oppose it. In other wordsone of the electro-motiveforce Waves will cause an increase in currentwhile the other will cause a decrease in v current, and either theincrease or decrease in currentwill cause response of the relay, as G1,to control the production of` a signal, indication or control. In theexample illustrated the relay normally energized by the battery willrespond to the increase of current due to induction to lift the contact2 from contacts 3 and 4 to break the circuit whose ends are 'theconductors 5 and 6 conf nected to contacts 3 and 4. There is no responseto decrease in current, and there' is therefore a selective action.

And a similar effect can be produced in the circuit of the winding B2Without the employmentof a vehicle circuit. A pair of wheels and theiraxle'passing over thenormally energized electro-magnet B will cause avariation in the vmagnetic iluX, which change in fiux will be reflectedby a change in current strength in the circuit B2, and this change ofcurrent may be similarly used for producing an indication, Signal orcontrol.

And where avehicle circuit is employed as above ,describedwith a sourceof current therein, the circuit of the electro-magnet coil B2 may be aclosed circuit including a translating device and no source of energy.In which case the induced current alone will prod-lice an indication,signal or control.

. This application is a continuation of my application Serial Number574,426, filed July 29, 1910.

What I claim is 1. In combination, a car, controlling devicesK locatedthereon,v and'. power operated actuating means located adjacent to thepath of the car, adapted to operatethe controlling devices when thepower' is not being applied and not to operate them when it -is applied,comprising a permanent magnet and an electro-magnet, said magnets beinginde'- pendent of each other.

2. In combination, a car, controlling'devices located thereon, poweroperated actuating means located adjacent to the path of the car,adapted to operate the controlling devices when the power is not beingapplied and not to operate them when it is applied, comprising apermanent magnet and an electro-magnet, said magnets being independentof each other, the controlling devices having a magnetically actuatedmemy ber.

. ating means located adjacent to the path of the car, adapted tooperate the controlling devices when the power is not being applied andnot to operate them when it is applied, comprising a permanent magnetand an electro-magnet, said magnets being independent of' each other,the controlling devices having a magnetically actuated lever.

4. A train control system' comprising a permanently magnetizedinductor.- a coper- -ative inductance upon the moving train,

mechanismactuated by `the current generated in said inductance, and anelectroinductive means of communication to the i train for controllingsaidmechanism.

5. A system for automaticallv inductively controlling or producing anindication upon ay vehicle comprising the combination with a movingvehicle, of a permanent magnet disposed in`the path of travel of saidvehicle, a closed vehicle circuit, a` source of current and anelectro-magnetic Winding normally energized by said source of currentincluded in said circuit,`and a membernormally held by saidelectro-magnetic winding, said electro-magnetic winding releasing saidmember in response to inductive effects produced Ain said circuit bysaid permanent magnet.

6. A system'for automatically inductively controlling a vehiclecomprisingthe combination with a moving vehicle` of a brake controllingmember, a vehicle circuit, a source of current and an electro-magneticWinding included in said circuit, saidwinding normally energized bv saidsource of current to restrain said brake controlling member, and apermanent magnet disposed in the path of travel of said vehicle forinductively influencing said vehicle'circuit to release said member.

7 The combination with a ,plurality of magnets, of a circuit movablewith respect i thereto and dili'erently influenced inductively thereby,said magnets producing magnetic fiuxes in oppositendirections withrespect' to said circuit, `and Aa translating device con trolled by'saidy circuit and selectivelyre sponsive to different inductive effectsin said circuit produced by different of said magnets.

8. The combination with a permanent and an electro-magnet, of a circuitmovable With respect thereto, and'inductively induenced thereby, atranslating device.l controlled by said circuit, and means causingdifferent effects upon said translatingdevice When said electro-'magnetvis energized and denergized. I

l9. The combination with a moving vehicle, of a permanent magnet and anelectro-magnetic coil disposed in the v.path of travel of saidv vehicle,means forenergizing said coil, a vehicle circuit, a translating devicecontrolled thereby, said coil when energized preventing response of saidtranslating device to the inductive effect upon said circuit by saidpermanent magnet.

10. The combination with a moving vehicle, of a permanent magnet and anelectromagnetic coil disposed in the path of travel 'of said vehicle, avehicle circuit, a translating devicecontrolled thereby, means forenergizing said electro-magnetic coil, said per-y f marient magnet andsaid coil being so disposed i'hat their magneto-motive-forces areopposed with respect to said circuit. 35

11. The combination. with a moving vehlcle, of a permanent magnet and anelectror magnetic coil disposed in the path of travel of said vehicle, avehicle circuit, a translating device controlled thereby, means forenergizing said coil, said permanent magnet andsaid coil being sodisposed that their magneto-motive-forces are opposed with respect tosaid circuit, said translating device being unresponsive to said coiland permanent magnet when saidcoil is energized.

' 12. The combination with a movingvehicle, of a permanent magnet-'andan electromagnetic-coil disposed in the path of travel of said vehicle,a vehicle circuit, a translating device controlled thereby, means forenergizing said coil, said lpermanent magnet and said coil being sodisposed that their 'magnetomotive-forces are opposed in their effects'upon said circuit, sald translating device being unresponsive to Saidcoil and permanent magnet .when said coil is energized and res onsive tosaid permanent magnet when sai coil is denergized.

13.. The combination With a moving vehicle, of a permanent magnet and an.electromagnetic coil disposed in the path of travel of said vehicle, avehicle circuit, a source of energy in said circuit, electro-magneticcontrolling means normally energized by said source, and means forenergizing said elec- 14; The combination with a moving vehi-` cle, of avehicle 'circuit,.a source of energyv ,l

gized thereby connected in said circuit, aA Y and electro-magnetic meansnormally enerbrake controlling member normally held by saidelectro-magnetic means, a permanent magnet disposed in the path oftravel of said vehicle for inductively influencing-said circuit to'causedenergization of said electromagnetic means to release said brakecontrolling member, an electro-magnetic coil in the path of travel ofsaid vehicle, and means forl energizing saidfcoil to prevent dener-Agization of said electro-magnetic means by said permanent magnet.

path pf travel of said Avehicle for inductively affecting said circuit,a translating device controlled by said circuit, a second vehiclecircuit inductively aected by said means, and means controlled by saidsecond circuitl for controlling said translating device.

16.l The combination with a moving vehicle, of a plurality of circuitsthereon, a trans-g lating device controlled by one of. said cir' cuits,means disposed in the" path of travel of said vehicle for inductivelyaffecting said vehicle circuits, and means vcontrolled b v a` second ofsaid vehicle circuits for preventing response of said translating deviceto electromotive-force induced in said first circuitin a predetermineddirection.

17. The combination with -a moving vehicle, of a plurality ofcircuitsthereon, a translating ydevice controlled by one of said circuits, meansdisposed in the path of travel of said vehicle for inductivelyaffectling said vehicle circuits, and means controlled by a second ofsald vehlcle clrcuits 15. The combination with a moving vehicle, avehicle circuit, meansvdisposed in the means controlling saidtranslating device, a

plurality of track magnets passed in succession by sald vehlcle andproducing 1n said v vehicle circuits overlapping series of positive andnegative electro-motive-force Waves,

said translating device and said controlling means constituting meansselectively respon- .sive to an electro-motive-force wave of one signwhen occurring in a predetermined position in a series of .inducedpositive -and negative electro-motive-force waves.

19. The combination with a moving vehicle, of a plurality of. vehiclecircuits, a source of energy and electro-magnetic means normallyenergized thereby included in oneof said circuits, a member normallyre-l strained by said electro-magnetic means,

means controlled by a secondof said circuits for preventing release ofsaid member, and means disposed in the path .of travel of said vvehiclefor inductively influencing said veling mechanism, and means in thepathl of travel of said vehicle inductively influencing.

lsaid vehiclecircuits. 1

21..The combination with a moving ve-y hicle, of a normally closedcircuitthereon, an electro-magnet in said circuit, vehicle controllingmeans controlled by said magnet, means disposed in the path of travel ofsaid vehicle for successively inducing in said circuitelectro-motive-forces in lopposite directions, and means for preventingsaid mag-' net effecting a control of said train control- .I ling meansby an induced electro-motiveforce in one direction. l

22. The combination with track rails, o an electro-magnet Whose corevbridges said rails, a permanent magnet bridging said rails adjacentsaid electro-magnet,a vehicle,

a pair of Wheels and their connecting axle carried thereby, said Wheelsrollingin' contact with said rails and forming a magnetic path with said rails, a closed vehicle circuit inductively affected by saidmagnets, "a

vsourceoi current in said circuit, and a translating device responsive.to variations of current in said vehicle circuit.

23. The ombination with a-plurality of block secti ns, of a permanentmagnet and an electro-magnetic coil for each b-lock section, a closedtrack circuit for each block section, each track circuit including a.source of energy and one of said electro-magnetic coils, a vehiclemovable over said track sections, and a vehicle circuit inductivelyinfluenced by said permanent magnets and said electro-magnetic coils.

24. The combination With a plurality of` block sections, of a permanentmagnet and -an electro-magnet disposed in advance of ,the-entrance ofeach block section, a closedl track circuit for each block section,`each track circuit including a source of energy and the winding of oneof said electro-magnets, and a vehicle circuit inductively influenced bysaid permanent and electro-magnets.

25. The combination with av vehicle, of a rail over which said vehicleis movable, said rail having magnetizable and non-.magnetic with saidvehicle in coperative relation with said rail, means for. producing amagnetic flux in said member and a magnetizable rail section, and atranslatingdevice responsive -to magnetic changes resulting from passageof said member from one of said lsections toV another. n

26. In an automatic train. stop'v'and signal system, a normally qclosedtrain circuit in- A cluding any electro-magnet, trainfcontrolling lmeans controlled by said magnet, `means including the track forsuccessively linducing electro-motlve-forces in opposite directionssections, a magnetizable member movable in said. train circuit, andmeans controlled by the electro-motive-force induced in one directionfor preventing lthe magnet operating the train controlling means by theinduced electro-inotive-force in the other dip rectionf.

27. In an automatic system lof ltrain con-v trol, a normally closedtrack circuit includingrails eachprovided with non-magnetic sectionspositioned'at the respective sidesor` a magnetic rail section, and amagnet con- -nected to said magnetic rail section.

28. In a railway signaling system', a closed trackl circuit, a coil insaid track circuit, a circuit `on a moving vehicle, means for producingunidirectional magnetic flux threading said coil and saidvehi'cle'circuit When adjacent to each other, movement of said circuitwith respect to said coil generating electro-motive-force in said trackcircuit, and signalin 'means controlled by said electromotiveorce.

v29.v In a railway signaling system, a normally closed track circuit, anelectro-magnet disposed in the trackand having 'a Winding included'insaid circuit, a closed circuit VAon a moving vehicle,' a translatingdevice ineluded in said vehicle circuit, relative movement between saidvehicle circuit and said magnet generating electro-motive-forces vinsaid first named circuit and'in said vehicle circuit, said translatingdevice in said vehicle clrcuit being controlled by electro-motive-forceinduced in saidy vehicle circuit,

'and track signal ,controlling means controlledfby theelectro-motive-force induced in said first named circuit.

30. In' combination two track rails, a core across the trackv rails andconnected therewith; afcoil surrounding said core; a circuit for saidcoil; a permanent magnet also connected with the track rails andadjacent said core; a vehicle; a pairxof wheels and their AconnectingaXle carried thereby and saig wheels having rolling contact with thetrac rails andformng a magnetic path with the track rails; a coilcarried by the vehicle whichis cutby the iuxes in said magnet;

- netically connectedl with a rail ofv said p ermanent line of way;means for contro-llingl a closed .circuit including said coil; a sourceof current for said circuit; and a translating device affected byvariations .of current inl said closedy circuit.

3l. In combinationa permanent line of way; an electro-magnet having itscore 'magthe energization and denergization of the electro-magnet; avehicle; a wheel carried bythe vehicle and having rolling contact with.

a rail with which the core is connected; a coil; a circuit includingsaid coil; a source of current for said circuit; a translating deviceaffected by variations'of current in said circuit; and means associatedwith the translating device forpreventing vits operation whenthervehicl-e passes over and beyond an energized-electro-magnet, but forpermitting an operation by it when it passes over adenergizedelectro-magnet.

32. In combination a permanent line of way; an electro-magnet having itscore magnetically connected with a rail. of said permanent line of way;a permanenti magnet associated with said electro-ma magneticallyconnected with the same rail;

`means ,for controlling the energization and denergization of theelectro-magnet; a vehicle; a ,wheel carried by the vehicle and havingrolling contact with the rail to which the said core and permanent ma etare connected; a coil; a circuit includmg -said' coll; asource ofcurrent for sald circult; a

translating device affected by variations of current 1n sald circuit;and means assoclated with the translating device for preventing andmagnetically connected with the track its operation` when the vehiclepasses over and beyond an energized electro-magnet, but for permittin anoperation of it when it passes over a energized electro-magnet.

33. In combination two trackA rails;l an

electro-magnet having its core magnetically' connected with the trackrails; a permanent magnet associated wlth said electro-magnet rails;means for controlling the energization and denergization4 of theelectro-magnet;A

a vehicle, the wheels of which have rolling vcontact with the trackrails; two coils; `closed circuits carried by the vehicle and in'-cluding said coils; al source of current in one of said circuits; atranslating device controlled by said circuits and adapted not to beoperated when it passes over an energized electro-magnet but to beoperated by thepermanent magnetwhen passing over a deenergizedelectro-magnet...

34. The combination with the track rails of a railway; a trackelectro-magnet having its core magnetically connected with the.'

track rails; means for controlling the energization and denergization ofthe .track electro-magnet; avehicle traveling along the railway; aclosed circuit carried by the veet and Y hicle; a source of current forsaid circuit; a translatingdevice energized by the current from saidsource to perform one function; and means carried by the vehicle forpreventing the translating device performof a` railway; atrackelectro-magnet havvingits core magnetically7 connected with thetrack rails; means for controlling-the energization and denergization ofthe track electro-magnet; a permanent magnet adjacent theV trackelectro-magnet and magnetically connected with the track rails; avehicle traveling along the railway; a closed circuit carried by the"vehicle; a source of current for said closed circuit; a translatingdevice also in'said circuit and ener ized by the current from'saidlsource to per orm one function; and means carried by the vehicle forypreventing the translating device changing its function when avehiclepasses over and away from an energized track electromagnet and anassociatedpermanent magnet, but for causing said translating device toperform a di'erent function when it passes over a denergized trackelectro-magnet and the associated permanent magnet.

36. In a system of the character described, the combination with amoving vehicle, of a plurality of magnets disposed in its path oftravel, a track circuit, one of said magnets controlled by said trackcircuit and another of said magnets being independent of con- `trol bysaid track circuit,.a vehicle lcircuit 37. In a system of the characterdescribed,

the combination with a moving vehicle, of a plurality of magnetsdisposed in its path of` travel, a track circuit, one `ot said magnetscontrolled by said track circuit and another of said magnets beingindependent of control by said track circuit, a vehicle circuitinductively influenced by said magnets, and a translating device in saidcircuit selectively vresponsiveto diii'erent inductive effects producedin said circuit by said diiferent magnets.

38. In a system of the character described, the combination with amovingivehicle, of a a plurality of magnets disposed in its path oftravel, a `track circuit, one of said magnets controlled by said trackcircuit and another of said magnets being independent of control by saidtrack circuit, a vehicle circuit Iinductively inuenced by said magnets,.and a translating device iny said '^.circuit, said magnets being sodisposed that their {magneto-motive-forces are opposed with'respect tosaid vehicle circuit.

39. In a system of the character described, the combinationwith afmovingvehicle, of a plurality of magnets disposed in the path of travel ofsaid vehicle, a circuit, a Winding of one of said magnets included insaid circuit and controlled thereby, another'y of said `magnetscontinuously producing magnetic iux, a vehicle circuit, a translatingdevice controlled by said vehicle circuit, said magnet coil whenenergized preventing response of said translating device to theinductive' e'ect upon said vehicle circuit by said other magnet.

40. In a system of the character described, the combination with amoving vehicle, of a vehicle circuit, means comprising opposed sourcesof magneto-motiveforce disposed in the path of travel of said vehiclefor inductively affecting said vehicle circuit,`

means controlling said means for determining the direction of an initialimpulse of electro-motive-force induced in said vehicle circuit, andmeans lresponsive only to an initialelectro-motiv'e-force impulseinduced ir. predetermined direction in said Vehicle circuit.

41. In a system of the character described, the combination with amoving vehicle, of a vehicle circuit, means disposed in the path oftravel of said vehicle for inductively inluencing said circuit, meanscontrolling said means to determine the direction of an initialelectro-motive-force impulse induced in said circuit, a magnet in said.vehicle circuit, a second magnet subjected to electromotive-'forceinduced by said first named means, the circuits of said magnets havingdifferent time constants, and translating means controlled by saidmagnets, said magnets coperating to eect said control only inresponse'to an initial impulse of electromotive-force of redetermineddirection.

42. The combination with a vehicle traveling along a fixed line of Way,a Wheel carried thereby, a coil surrounding said Wheel, a closed circuitfor said coil, a source of electro-motive-force and a translating de- Ivice also included in said circuit, and a permanent magnet locatedy inthe ,line of way `for co-action with thevcoil land its closed circuit. Y

43. The combination with a vehicle trav# eling along a fixed line ofWay, a coil carried by said vehicle, a closed circuit for said coil, ,asource of electrormotive-force and a translating device also included insaid circuit, and a permanent magnet located in the line of Way forco-action with the coil and its closed circuit.

In testimonyl whereof .I' have hereunto aiiXed my signature in thepresence of the `two subscribing Witnesses.

GEORGE P. FINNIGAN. Witnesses:

ALICE S. MARSH, NELLIE FIELD.

